My  Speciality.

        

Publishing faculty was founded in "KPI” in 1989 on the base of the evening department of Lviv State Publishing Institute named after I. Fyodorov. This faculty trains specialists in such spheres as Art, Journalism, Management, Mechanics, Publishing and Printing.

     Students who get speciality ‘Publishing and Editing’ get good theoretical background and practical skills in editing technique, corrigation of different types of printed production. They use modern methods of text and illustration information processing. They study theory and practice of publishing management. Deep study of peculiarities in modern Ukrainian speaking practice gives students opportunities to work in different kinds of mass media, publishing houses, editing departments, scientific and research institutes.

Management

     Students of this speciality study economy in publishing sphere, equipment, materials and modern technological processes in printing industry, accounting and audit, statistics, finance management, etc. Future specialists learn how to use computer equipment for solving specific tasks of printing industry. They are taught to carry out marketing and management activity in the sphere of printing and publishing.

    Graduates of this department deal with organization and work planning. They choose trends of technical progress, study marketing of publishing production, provide management for publishing houses. They work for scientific and research institutes, publishing companies as well as in other spheres connected with printing and publishing.

    In the framework of the speciality ‘Computerized technologies and systems of publishing production’  students get deep knowledge in the sphere of modern computer technologies , systems engineering as well as text and graphic processing and reproduction technique. Students study modern automatic systems and digital publishing systems, their hardware and software. They master methods and means of introduction, processing and text information reproduction.

   Graduates develop and introduce new technologies of computer technique in publishing houses. They become specialists in automatic systems of different configuration on the base of modern computers and their periphery equipment at publishing companies, scientific research institutes, state and private enterprises.

  Students of the speciality ‘Printing machines and automatic equipment’ acquire substantial training in the field of design, maintenance and development of printing equipment, namely semi-automatic and automatic lines, automation and mechanization of printing industry. The sphere of graduates’ activity is designing and manufacturing of the equipment and automatic systems. They organize and carry out assembly, repairing works, service maintenance and modernization of the equipment.           

   During training in speciality "Technology of published issues” students get fundamental knowledge in the sphere of publishing and printing technologies, study technological processes of publication on the base of modern digital technologies, physical and chemical properties of printing materials. After graduating from the University specialists design and organize computerized production of editions, make improvements to classical, digital and special types of printing, raise quality of publication. They work at publishing houses, advertising agencies and other enterprises which produce published issues as well as at scientific and research institutes where they carry out scientific and technical developments in the sphere of publishing and printing  production, equipment  and materials.                              

Famous Journalist - Benjamin Franklin.

     Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a jack-of-all-trades and master of many. No other American, except possibly Thomas Jefferson, has done so many things so well.

     As statesman, Franklin stood in the front rank of the people who built the United States. He was the only person who signed all four of these key documents in American history: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain, and the Constitution of the United States.

     Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January, 17, 1706. He was the 15^th child and the youngest son in the family. His parents Josiah and Abiah Franklin, were hard-working, God-fearing folk. His father made soap and candles in his shop ‘at the sign of the Blue Ball’ in Milk Street.

     Benjamin attended school in Boston for only two years. He proved himself excellent in reading, fair in writing and poor in arithmetic. Josiah Franklin decided that he could not afford further education for his youngest son. He kept Benjamin home after the age of 10 to help cut wicks and melt tallow in the candle shop.

     Franklin schooling ended, but his education not. He worked on his own writing style, using a volume of the British Journal ‘The Spectator’ as a model. The boy also taught himself the basic principles of algebra and geometry, navigation, grammar, logic, and natural and physical sciences. He studied and partially mastered French, German, Italian, Spanish and Latin.

     When the boy was 12, his father persuaded him to become an apprentice to his older brother James, a printer. James proved to be a good teacher, and Benjamin a good pupil.  He soon became a good printer. He wrote several newspaper articles, signed them Mrs Silence Dogood and slipped them under a print shop door. James admired the articles and printed some of them. But he refused to print any more when he discovered that Benjamin had written them. At 17 Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, which was the largest city in the American Colonies then.

     From 1723 to 1730 Franklin worked for various printers in Philadelphia and in London, England. He became part owner of a print shop in 1728, when he was 22. Two years later he became sole owner of the business. He began publishing ‘The Pennsylvania Gazette’, writing much of the material for this newspaper himself. Franklin had a simple formula for business success. He believed that successful people had to work just a little harder than any of their competitors.

     Later in 1730 B. Franklin married Deborah Read. Deborah was not nearly so well educated as her husband. Her letters to him had many misspelled words.

     B. Franklin’s printing business prospered from the start. He developed ‘The Pennsylvania Gazette’ into one of the most successful newspapers in the colonies. He always searched carefully for the new ideas. Historians credit him as the first editor in America to publish a newspaper cartoon and to illustrate a new story with a map. Franklin published ‘The Pennsylvania Gazette’ from 1729 until 1766. But he achieved even greater success with ‘Poor Richard’s Almanac’. He wrote and published he almanac for every year from 1733 to 1758. In 1753 he became the deputy postmaster general for all the colonies. Franklin worked hard at his job, and introduced many needed reforms. Benjamin Franklin also helped Canada to establish its first regular service.

     Benjamin Franklin was a public-spirited person and worked constantly to make Philadelphia a better city. He reformed the city police when he saw that criminals were getting away without punishment. He started the program to pave, clean and light the city streets. But it is not all! He was one of the first in the world to experiment with electricity. Franklin’s scientific work won high honors. He was a famous American statesman, an excellent diplomat and one of the greatest builders of the USA. He was elected the member of the Second Continental Congress in 1775, and the President of the USA in 1785.

     B. Franklin died on April, 17, 1790, at the age of 84. He led all the people of his time in his lifelong concern for the happiness, well-being and dignity of humanity.     

  Ghostwriter

     A ghostwriter is a professional writer who is paid to write books, articles, stories, reports or other content which are officially credited to another person. Celebrities, executives and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, magazine articles or other written materials. In music ghostwriters are used in pop music as Top 10, country or hip-hop. The ghostwriter is sometimes acknowledged by the author or publisher for his or her writing services.   

     The division of work between ghostwriter and the credited author varies a great deal. In some cases the ghostwriter is hired to polish and edit a rough draft or a mostly completed manuscript. In this case, the outline, ideas and much of the language in the finished book or article are those of the credited author. In other cases, a ghostwriter does most of the writing using concepts and stories provided by the credited author. So, the ghostwriter will do extensive research on the credited author or his subject area of expertise. It is rare for the ghostwriter to prepare a book or an article with no input from the credited author; at least the credited author usually jots down a basic framework of the ideas at the outset or provides comments on the ghostwriter’s final draft.

     For an autobiography a ghostwriter will interview the credited author, his colleagues and family members and find interviews, articles and video footage about the credited author or his work. For other types of nonfiction books or articles a ghostwriter will interview the credited author and review the previous speeches, articles and interviews with the credited author to assimilate his or her arguments and points of view.

     Ghostwriters are hired for numerous reasons. Usually celebrities or public figures do not have time, discipline or writing skills to write and research a several- hundred page autobiography or ‘how- to’ book. Even if a celebrity or a public figure has the writing skills to pen a short article, they may not know how to structure and edit a several-hundred page book so that it is captivating and well-paced. Publishers often use ghostwriters to increase the number of books that can be published each year under the name of well-known, highly marketable authors.        

Statement of Ethical Principles

(Adopted 1994 as revision to APME Code of Ethics)

     These principles are a model against which news and editorial staff members can measure their performance. They have been formulated in the brief that the newspapers and the people who produce them should adhere to the highest standards of ethical and professional conduct.

     The public’s right to know about matters of importance is paramount. The newspaper has a special responsibility as surrogate of its readers to be a vigilant watchdog of their legitimate public interests.

     No statement of principles can prescribe decisions governing every situation. Common sense and good judgment are required in applying ethical principles to newspaper realities. As new technologies evolve, these principles can help to guide editors to ensure the credibility of the news and information they provide. Individual newspapers are encouraged to augment these APME guidelines more specifically to their own situations.

Responsibility

     The good newspaper is fair, accurate, honest, responsible, independent and decent. Truth is its guiding principle.

     It avoids practices that would conflict with the ability to report and present news in a fair, accurate and unbiased manner.

     The newspaper should serve as a constructive critic of all segments of society. It should reasonably reflect, in staffing and coverage, its diverse constituencies. It should vigorously expose wrongdoing, duplicity or misuse of power, public or private. Editorially, it should advocate needed reform and innovation in the public interest. News sources should be disclosed unless there is a clear reason not to do so. When it is necessary to protect the confidentiality of a source, the reason should be explained.

     The newspaper should uphold the right of free speech and freedom of the press and should respect the individual’s rights to privacy. The newspaper should fight vigorously for public access to news of government through open meetings and records.

Accuracy

     The newspaper should guard against inaccuracies, carelessness, bias or distortion through emphasis, omission or technological manipulation. It should acknowledge substantive errors and correct them promptly and prominently.

Integrity

     The newspaper should strive for impartial treatment of issues and dispassionate handling of controversial subjects. It should provide a forum for the exchange of comment and criticism, especially when such a comment is opposed to its editorial positions. Editorials and expressions of personal opinion by reporters and editors should be clearly labeled. Advertising should be differentiated from news.

     The newspaper should report the news without regard for its own interests, mindful of the need to disclose potential conflicts. It should not give favored news treatment to advertisers or special-interest groups.

     It should report matters regarding itself or its personnel with the same vigor and candor as it would other institutions or individuals. Concern for community, business or personal interests should not cause newspaper to distort or misrepresent the facts.    

     The newspaper should deal honestly with readers and newsmakers.

     The newsmaker should not plagiarize words or images.

Independence

     The newspaper and its staff should be free of obligations to news sources and newsmakers. Even the appearance of obligation or conflict of interest should be avoided.

     Newspapers should accept nothing of value from news sources or others outside the profession. Gifts and free or reduced-rate travel, entertainment, products and lodging should not be accepted. Expenses in connection with news reporting should be paid by the newspaper. Special favors and special treatment for members of the press should be avoided.

     Journalists are encouraged to be involved in their communities, to the extent that such activities do not create conflicts of interest.

     Involvement in politics, demonstrations and social causes that would cause a conflict of interest, or the appearance of such conflict, should be avoided.

     Work of staff members for the people or institutions they cover also should be avoided.

     Financial investments of staff members or other outside business interests that could create the impression of a conflict of interest should be avoided.

     Stories should not be written or edited primarily for the purpose of winning awards and prizes. Self-serving journalism contests and awards that reflect unfavorably on the newspaper or the profession should be avoided.